The reasonable design of tunnel support structure parameters is an important guarantee for the safety and economy of tunnel construction, and the interaction mechanism between surrounding rock and support is the core issue of tunnel support structure design. Therefore, a coupling effect model of the advance and tunnel supports on surrounding rock is established based on the equivalent mechanical model of the space effect of the excavation face and the influence of the advance support on the space effect of the exaction face. Calculation examples are used to analyze the controlled effect of advance and tunnel supports on surrounding rock deformation. The following are the main conclusions: (1) Both the advance and tunnel supports can effectively control the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, demonstrating that the effect of the tunnel and advance support structures should be considered when monitoring the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock. (2) When controlling the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock to a certain degree, the expected deformation control effect can be achieved by the simultaneous adjustment of the advance and tunnel supports′ parameters.