First, the research and implementation of prefabricated metro station structure and construction technology in recent 10 years are briefly discussed, involving a significant number of technologies such as structural design, component manufacturing, and construction technology. Second, the technical scheme of prefabricated structure is clarified based on the Changchun metro line 2 test station project, including overall technical orientation, structure selection, and structure system. The research contents and primary achievements of scientific and technological innovation are systematically introduced, including comprehensive joint technology, structural static, dynamic mechanical behavior and mechanical behavior of closed cavity thinwalled components, joint grouting technology, joint waterproof technology, production technology of large prefabricated components, construction technology and equipment, and multiprofessional integration technology of station. The innovative technologies′ technical, economic, and social benefits are also examined, as well as the promotion and implementation situation is summarized. Finally, the prefabricated structure construction technology is initially developed to solve the challenge that metro station construction cannot be achieved in the cold winter season. However, the engineering practices prove that the implementation of prefabricated technology in other environmental conditions provides irreplaceable benefits, such as high quality, high efficiency, safety, green, and environmental safety. This technology is widely applicable and suitable for the construction of metro running tunnels, pedestrian passageways, highway tunnels, underground utility tunnels, and other opencut underground structures.