Finite element simulation method is adopted to examine the effect of various reinforcement methods on shield tunnel segments under ground surcharge. To validate the reliability of the finite element model, a set of the indoor model tests are designed and conducted. Moreover, the tunnel settlement and deformation obtained by the tests are compared with the simulation results under same working conditions. The validated finite element model is then used to simulate the grouting reinforcement around the tunnel, the inner bondedsteel ring reinforcement, and the ultrahighperformance concrete(UHPC) reinforcement. Additionally, the tunnel settlement and the segments′ deformation under the ground surcharge condition are analyzed. The finite element simulation results show the following: (1) The grouting reinforcement for the surrounding soil of the tunnel can reduce the vertical deformation of the tunnel under ground surcharge much than that without reinforcement, and it also has a certain inhibitory effect on the tunnel settlement. (2) The inner bondedsteel ring and UHPC reinforcement can evidently reduce the vertical deformation of the tunnel under ground surcharge condition while has little influence on the tunnel settlement.