Mechanism and Treatment Measures of Water and Sand
Inrush&nbsp;in
Operational Tunnel in Karst Area

DAI Zhiren, HU Ruiqing, WANG Zeyu, ZHAO Qichao

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2023.S2.041

Tunnel Construction >

2023 , Vol. 43 >Issue S2: 369 - 377

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2023.S2.041

Mechanism and Treatment Measures of Water and Sand Inrush in Operational Tunnel in Karst Area

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(1. China Railway First Survey & Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi′an 710043, Shaanxi, China; 2. Shaanxi Railway and Underground Traffic Engineering Key Laboratory, Xi′an 710043, Shaanxi, China; 3. Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Civil and Ocean Engineering, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China)

Online published: 2024-03-28

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Abstract

Water and sand inrush in operational mountain tunnel in karst areas is common. Therefore, engineering analogy and theory analysis are employed to explore the groundwater runoff and sediment resource, revealing the sand inrush mechanism from tunnel drainage hole. A lining structure design principle, grouting sealing and limited discharge, is designed, and waterproof measures are enhanced. The research results reveal that: (1) Surrounding rocks should be effectively reinforced to form waterproof curtain, reduce the water pressure acted on lining, and guarantee the underground water environment protection and tunnel safety. (2) Drainage tunnels should be arranged when the water inflow is out of control, and the positions of the drainage tunnels can be determined based on the groundwater runoff direction, the positional relationship between drainage and operational tunnels, the lowest position of drainage tunnel, and the tunnel exit location. The gravity flow drainage method can be adopted.

Key words： karst area; mountain tunnel; fault; water and sand inrush; drainage tunnel

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DAI Zhiren, HU Ruiqing, WANG Zeyu, ZHAO Qichao .

Mechanism and Treatment Measures of Water and Sand Inrush in Operational Tunnel in Karst Area

[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2023 , 43(S2) : 369 -377 . DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2023.S2.041

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