In order to clarify the direction of intelligent construction by large-diameter shield and solve the scientific and technological problems encountered during the construction process, the key technical problems during large-diameter shield tunneling are discussed in this study. The key technical characteristics of large-diameter shield, the development of intelligent construction, the development history and current situation of intelligent construction of large-diameter shield machines in China in recent years, and the typical key technical problems existing in large-diameter shield(including main drive bearing damage factors, cutter wear conditions, causes of mud cake formation on the cutterhead) and presented. Based on the development characteristics of intelligent construction technology, the development direction and trend of intelligent construction by large-diameter shield are analyzed from multiple perspectives, such as research and development of tunnel equipment robots, development of sensing system, intelligent tunneling system, and intelligent operation and maintenance technology. The scheme for establishing key technologies for intelligent tunnel construction is elaborated, which provides a reference for in-depth application of intelligent construction technology in large-diameter shield tunneling, and promotes the development of "intelligent, refined, collaborative, and efficient" tunnel construction.