The manual welding of
tunnel steel segment linings is characterized by uncontrollable welding quality
and low efficiency. To address these issues, three-dimensional(3D) machine vision technology is employed to identify
weld joints in steel segment linings, enhancing traditional automatic welding
technology through compensation and deviation correction. The automatic welding
process is further refined by incorporating digital simulation of weld
characteristics, joint identification, coding, and welding techniques. The
findings indicate the following: (1) Assisted by 3D visual sensing technology,
automatic welding achieves precise identification of weld joints in steel
segment linings. In comparison to manual welding, joints welded automatically
are continuous, neat, and uniform, exhibiting no micro-cracks
or micropores. Additionally, the cross top angle of the weld joint at the
bottom corner of the steel chamber structure is smooth and neat, with no
leakage observed after water pressure testing at 0.6 MPa. (2) During the
current testing phase, the automatic welding efficiency is 45 h per block
simplex. Following welding process optimization and manipulator adjustments,
this efficiency is projected to improve to 20 h per block simplex.
