To characterize the
distribution of aerodynamic noise produced by high-speed trains running in tunnels, a numerical simulation model for
near-field aerodynamic noise in tunnel environments is
established based on large eddy simulation and the acoustic perturbation
equations. The relative motion between stationary trains and the surrounding
environment is modeled using the moving wall method. Numerical simulations of
near-field aerodynamic noise are conducted for
single-and double-track tunnels at different speeds,
demonstrating good agreement with field test results. The key findings are as
follows: (1) Significant unsteady vortex structures form near complex geometric
features such as train bogies and pantographs, leading to strong local
turbulent pressure pulsations. (2) Aerodynamic noise propagates outward from
these unsteady flow structures. In double-track
tunnels, higher aerodynamic noise levels are observed near the haunches close
to the train track. At a train speed of 400 km/h, the average sound pressure
level (SPL) on the tunnel surface below the train roof is 124.5 dB, which is
1.5 dB higher than that above the train roof. In single-track tunnels, the sound energy is symmetrically distributed around
the train, with similar SPL values of approximately 129 dB near the tunnel
crown and haunches. (3) At different train speeds, the aerodynamic noise
spectra at the haunch and arch foot measurement points exhibit similar
characteristics, with higher SPLs in the 200-1 000 Hz
frequency range and no distinct noise peaks. The aerodynamic noise at the
tunnel arch foot is higher than that at the haunch, with more pronounced
differences above 1 000 Hz.
LI Zhuoming
,
MA Weibin
,
WANG Zihong
.
Numerical Simulation of Distribution Characteristics of Aerodynamic Noise
of Trains Running in Railway Tunnels
[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2025
, 45(2)
: 341
-351
.
DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.02.010
