Shield tunnels are susceptible to structural deformation issues such as uneven settlement, local uplift, horizontal deviation, and convergence deformation due to the influence of surrounding construction environment. Grouting is often used to actively control these problems. The authors provide a comprehensive summary of the existing methods for grouting treatment of deformation in shield tunnels during service life. According to the structural deformation that shield tunnels are prone to, the existing grouting treatment methods are divided into two aspects: tunnel deviation treatment and convergence deformation treatment. Tunnel deviation treatment is divided into vertical settlement, uplift, and horizontal deviation treatment, while convergence deformation treatment is divided into common horizontal and vertical elliptical deformation treatment in tunnels. Furthermore, according to the relationship between the grouting location and the tunnel position, it is further divided into grouting inside the tunnel and grouting outside the tunnel. In addition, the authors analyze the governance mechanisms of different structural deformations, and summarize the research status and construction suggestions based on four research methods: theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, engineering case analysis, and model testing. In response to existing problems, several solutions and future research directions are proposed from seven aspects: settlement deformation treatment, uplift deformation treatment, horizontal deviation treatment, horizontal elliptical deformation treatment, vertical elliptical deformation treatment, treatment effect, and grouting technology.