Flatness,
vibrodensification parameters, and the post-treatment
quality of rock cushions are critical to the success of vibrodensification
operations in immersed tunnels. The authors combine field testing and particle
flow numerical simulations to investigate the vibrodensification performance of
rock cushions, using the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link
immersed tunnel as a case study. The effects of vibro-densification
duration, cushion thickness, and vibration frequency on the densification
behavior are examined, and the underlying mechanisms are interpreted from a
microscopic perspective based on strong contact force chains. The main findings
are as follows: (1) Cushion thickness is the dominant factor influencing the
vibration-induced settlement of the rock cushion, while
vibration frequency influences settlement within an optimal frequency range.
(2) For rock particle sizes of 0.15–0.30 m, a cushion
thickness of 1.2 m and a vibration frequency of 20 Hz, a vibro-densification time of 45 s yields better performance than durations
of 20 s or 30 s. (3) At a cushion thickness of 1.2 m and a vibrodensification
time of 45 s, the optimal performance is achieved with a vibration frequency of
20 Hz, outperforming frequencies of 10 Hz and 30 Hz. (4) For improved vibro-densification, a cushion thickness greater than 1.2 m is recommended
under a vibration frequency of 20 Hz and a vibro-densification time of 45 s.
FU Baiyong
,
SONG Shenyou
,
JIN Wenliang
.
Vibrodensification Test and Particle Flow Simulation of Rock Cushion in Immersed Tunnels
[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2025
, 45(6)
: 1090
-1101
.
DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.06.004
