To determine the optimal mixing ratio and assess the engineering applicability of long afterglow self-luminous coatings, a comprehensive product design strategy is implemented. This approach employs information entropy weight, gray relational analysis, and the VIKOR method based on mathematical and statistical testing of 24 optical and mechanical parameters. Additionally, the lighting performance in tunnel cross-sections is evaluated through field tests and simulations. The results reveal the following: (1) For factors influencing color difference and wear quality loss, the descending order of significance is fluorescent powder content > filler content > pigment content. For factors influencing illumination, brightness, fluorescence lifetime, anti-slip, and adhesion performance, the descending order is fluorescent powder content > pigment content > filler content. (2) Based on optical characteristics, scheme 9 exhibits the best performance, followed by schemes 7 and 8. When evaluated using mechanical and comprehensive performance parameters, scheme 5 performs best, followed by schemes 6 and 4. (3) Compared with conventional coatings, the long afterglow self-luminous coating yields 1.3－1.5 times higher average illumination and 2.5－2.8 times higher brightness in the driving zone. However, it also results in 1.2 times greater illumination fluctuation and 2.9 times greater brightness fluctuation. (4) The simulation model accurately reflects actual engineering conditions, confirming that long afterglow self-luminous coatings effectively enhance tunnel lighting. Nevertheless, attention must be paid to the adverse effects of ambient light variation in the tunnel vicinity.