In this paper, the author presents the current safe production situations and the related government requirements on the implementation of “two responsibilities” in safe production. Then, the author analyses the necessity for implementing the safe production responsibility system with the core of “one position with two responsibilities” and points out the existing problems in implementation of this system in construction enterprises. At last, the author puts forward some suggestions on the contents, methods and assessment of safe production responsibilities for leaders, management departments and related management personnel of all levels, which is helpful to the boosting and implementation of safe production in construction enterprises.