The tailrace surge chamber of Jinping Hydropower Station (I) is characterized by large diameter, high ground stress and complicated geological conditions. The control of the construction quality and surrounding rock stability is the key of the construction. On basis of study on the above characteristics, the authors determine the quality control method, construction scheme for timely support and countermeasures for unfavorable sections and rock burst positions. Due to the measures taken, the construction quality and the punctual completion of the project are ensured.