The fire prevention and passenger rescue of railway tunnels are of great importance, because they are related to the safety of the people's life and property and the development of the national economy. The design experience and major fire disaster cases of railway tunnels at home and abroad are analyzed, the fire prevention and passenger evacuation of super long railway tunnels are studied and proposal is made on the arrangement of the fire prevention and passenger rescue installations of superlong railway tunnels. The paper can be served as reference for the planning and management of the fire prevention and passenger rescue of super long railway tunnels in China.