Analytical Solution for Shield Segment Internal Forces Based on Elastic Hinge Ring Method Considering Nonuniformly Distributed Earth Pressure on Arch Back and Nonlinear Behavior of Composite Strata

LI Zixiang, XIE Weishuai, CAI Haibing, HOU Gongyu

Tunnel Construction . 2026, (S1): 271 -282 . DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.S1.024