Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Emissions and Environmental Impacts From U-Shaped Shield Tunneling and Cut-and-Cover Construction of Shallow-Buried Utility Tunnels: A Case Study of EA4 Bid Section Project in Xiong’an New Area

ZHANG Hongjun, ZHAO Jiawei, WANG Shuwang, SONG Zhanping, XU Hong, DONG Zhiwei, HU Ruoqi

Tunnel Construction . 2026, (9): 1885 -1903 . DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.09.006