深埋Ⅵ级富水软岩隧道围岩大变形机理及双层初期支护过程解析——以大瑞铁路杉阳隧道为例

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.S1.013

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (S1): 153-163.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.S1.013

深埋Ⅵ级富水软岩隧道围岩大变形机理及双层初期支护过程解析——以大瑞铁路杉阳隧道为例

陆陈^{1, 2, 3}，张帅^{1, *}，刘延龙¹，李洁勇¹，赖勇^{2, 3}，聂健行¹，陆春雪⁴

(1. 中铁二十三局集团有限公司，四川成都 610072； 2. 中交第三航务工程局有限公司，上海 200032；3. 重庆交通大学河海学院，重庆 400074； 4. 四川外国语大学人才办公室，重庆 400031)

出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-07-23
作者简介:陆陈(1982—)，男，上海人，2014年毕业于重庆交通大学，土木工程专业，本科，高级工程师，现从事市政隧道项目管理工作。E-mail: 233374585@qq.com。*通信作者：张帅，E-mail: zhangshuai.23g@crcc.cn。

Severe Deformation Mechanism of Surrounding Rock in Deep Grade Ⅵ Water-Rich Soft Rock Tunnels and Analysis of Double-Layer Primary Support Construction Process: A Case Study of Shanyang Tunnel on Dali-Ruili Railway

LU Chen^{1, 2, 3}, ZHANG Shuai^{1, *}, LIU Yanlong¹, LI Jieyong¹, LAI Yong^{2, 3}, NIE Jianxing¹, LU Chunxue⁴

(1. China Railway 23rd Bureau Group Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China; 2. CCCC Third Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200032, China; 3. School of River & Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; 4. Talents Affairs office, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China)

Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-07-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示Ⅵ级富水软岩隧道围岩大变形机理及以双层初期支护为主的综合变形控制措施支护效果，以大瑞铁路杉阳隧道为例，基于软岩峰后刚度与强度劣化模型建立富水环境下Ⅵ级软岩隧道双层初期支护条件下的黏弹塑性解析式，借助工程监测数据与数值模拟验证后，分析相关影响因素。主要结论如下： 1）高地应力Ⅵ级富水软岩隧道开挖后围岩变形前期以挤压变形为主，后期以松动变形为主，围岩变形受岩性软弱、地下水软化、初期支护结构抗力不足等因素的影响较大； 2）以双层初期支护为主的“双层初期支护+开挖断面优化+浅部围岩注浆”综合变形控制措施能够有效控该类大变形，将围岩大变形控制在20 cm以下； 3）双层初期支护能够满足“先让压，后强支”的支护理念，其支护抗力pi越大，隧道围岩的总位移越小，pi对围岩后期蠕变变形的影响明显大于前期的瞬时变形； 4）高地应力软岩洞室双层初期支护施工过程中，外层初期支护由于施作较早导致总变形量较大，建议后续研发让压型双层初期支护。

关键词: 软岩隧道, Ⅵ级富水软岩, 大变形机理, 双层初期支护, 统一劣化模型, 支护过程解析

Abstract: To reveal the large deformation mechanism of surrounding rock in Grade Ⅵ water-rich soft rock tunnels and verify the supporting effect of comprehensive deformation control measures dominated by double-layer primary support, a case study is conducted on the Shanyang Tunnel of the Dali-Ruili Railway, and a viscoelastic-plastic analytical solution for Grade Ⅵ water-rich soft rock tunnels with double-layer primary support is established based on the post-peak stiffness and strength deterioration model of soft rock. Verified by field monitoring data and numerical simulation results, relevant influencing factors of surrounding rock deformation are systematically analyzed. The main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) For high insitu stress Grade Ⅵ water-rich soft rock tunnels, the surrounding rock is dominated by compressive deformation in the early stage and loosening deformation in the later stage after excavation. The surrounding rock deformation is greatly affected by weak lithology, groundwater softening effect, and insufficient structural resistance of primary support. (2) The comprehensive control measures integrating double-layer primary support, optimized excavation section, and shallow surrounding rock grouting can effectively restrain the large deformation of such soft rock tunnels, limiting the surrounding rock deformation within 20 cm. (3) The double-layer primary support perfectly conforms to the support principle of “yielding pressure first and then strengthening support”. The total displacement of surrounding rock decreases with the increase of support resistance, and the support resistance exerts a far more significant influence on the late creep deformation than the early instantaneous deformation of surrounding rock. (4) In the construction process of double-layer primary support for high insitu stress soft rock caverns, the outer primary support suffers a larger total deformation due to the early installation time. The development of yielding-type double-layer primary support is recommended for follow-up related researches.

Key words: soft rock tunnels, Grade Ⅵ water-rich soft rock, large deformation mechanism, double-layer primary support, unified deterioration model, support process analysis

陆陈, 张帅, 刘延龙, 李洁勇, 赖勇, 聂健行, 陆春雪. 深埋Ⅵ级富水软岩隧道围岩大变形机理及双层初期支护过程解析——以大瑞铁路杉阳隧道为例[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(S1): 153-163.

LU Chen, ZHANG Shuai, LIU Yanlong, LI Jieyong, LAI Yong, NIE Jianxing, LU Chunxue. Severe Deformation Mechanism of Surrounding Rock in Deep Grade Ⅵ Water-Rich Soft Rock Tunnels and Analysis of Double-Layer Primary Support Construction Process: A Case Study of Shanyang Tunnel on Dali-Ruili Railway[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(S1): 153-163.

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深埋Ⅵ级富水软岩隧道围岩大变形机理及双层初期支护过程解析——以大瑞铁路杉阳隧道为例

Severe Deformation Mechanism of Surrounding Rock in Deep Grade Ⅵ Water-Rich Soft Rock Tunnels and Analysis of Double-Layer Primary Support Construction Process: A Case Study of Shanyang Tunnel on Dali-Ruili Railway

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