Abstract: First, the meteorological conditions of typical coldregion tunnels during different periods in China, the freezing damage phenomena and relevant prevention measures in the construction and operation periods are reviewed, and the development process of tunnel antifreezing technologies are presented. Second, the influencing factors for the tunnel freezing damage are combed, the current research status of the temporal and spatial distributions of the tunnel temperature field in cold regions from the aspects of a field test and coupling theory are summarized, and the different effects of the train piston wind and natural wind on the temperature field of railway tunnels in cold regions are analyzed, obtaining the distribution law of the tunnel temperature field in cold regions. Third, the mechanism and research status of freezing damage of the soil, rock mass, and concrete under the conditions of water ice phase change and water infiltration and migration are discussed from the microcosmic, microscopic, and macroscopic levels, acquiring the conclusions as follows: (1) the prevention and control of the freezing damage should follow the two technical principles of reducing groundwater and controlling the temperature field in the tunnel, and (2) the active and passive prevention and control measures should be used. Finally, the development directions of the tunnel antifreezing technology in the temperature field law, freezing damage mechanism, shortperiod freezing and thawing, antifreezing materials, and clean energy utilization are explored.

Key words: tunnel in cold area, antifreezing technology, development process, freezing damage mechanism, research prospect