Abstract: Frequent deformation and collapse are common challenges during tunnel construction. However, existing monitoring methods face issues such as discontinuity, delays, incomplete data, poor feedback, and low automation. To address these problems and improve safety in tunnel construction, a new automated, real-time, continuous, large-scale, and three-dimensional monitoring technology has been developed. This technology leverages advanced wireless sensing equipment and lidar-based edge data processing devices, designed specifically for high-protection tunnel environments. By employing an efficient transmission strategy, it collects real-time three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel′s construction profile. The system standardizes measurement values across the entire cross-section of the surrounding rock, clusters the data into three-dimensional groups, removes unconnected noise points, and automatically eliminates interference factors based on statistical analysis of surrounding rock thickness data. This approach addresses the challenges of difficult wireless transmission and the high computational demands arising from disordered point cloud data in complex tunnel environments. The technology ensures high precision, interference-resistant three-dimensional positioning of deformed areas, enabling early detection and timely warnings to prevent significant accidents. Applications of the system include simulation deformation testing, block identification, regional deformation analysis, and other engineering cases. For instance, the system can automatically detect deformations and block removals larger than 0.5 m² and thicker than 2 cm. Results demonstrate that the technology provides accurate, reliable, and visually intuitive monitoring of tunnel face deformations.

Key words: lidar, tunnel, tunnel contour, safety monitoring