Abstract:  This study addresses the problem of tunnel frost damage in highaltitude and severely cold region based on relevant research. The current status of research on tunnel frost damage is elaborated and analyzed from four aspects: types and causes of frost damage, frost damage mechanisms, temperature field, and treatment measures. The shortcomings of current research and future development directions are explored. The main results include: (1) Through case studies of tunnel projects in highaltitude and severely cold regions, four types and four causes of frost damage are summarized. (2) Based on four frost heave theories, including the theory of frost heave in waterbearing weathered layer, the theory of overall frost heave in surrounding rock, the theory of frost heave in water behind the lining, and the theory of frost heave in fissure water, a multitheory joint analysis approach is established. This approach is primarily based on the theory of overall frost heave in surrounding rock in the permafrost regions and the theory of frost heave in fissure water in the seasonal frozen regions. (3) The research methods for temperature field include onsite monitoring, theoretical analysis, model test, and numerical simulation. Onsite monitoring refers to monitoring of temperature inside and outside the tunnel, while theoretical analysis, model test, and numerical simulation are used to validate and analyze the monitoring results. (4) Measures for addressing frost damage include waterproofing and drainage measures, thermal insulation and cold protection measures, and antifreezing measures. The key to preventing frost damage lies in comprehensive treatment with the three types of measures. (5) The limitations in the applicability of frost damage mechanisms, the current state of temperature field research methods, and the effectiveness of treatment measures are pointed out. In the future, a research system should be established to comprehensively apply various frost heave theories and research methods in highaltitude and severely cold regions. Treatment measures should be proposed in the aspects of tunnel waterproofing and drainage, thermal insulation and cold protection, and frost resistance.

Key words:  , tunnel engineering, highaltitude and severely cold region, frost damage mechanism, temperature field, treatment measure