Abstract: In this study, the construction length of urban utility tunnels in China is reported firstly. As of the end of 2024, the total length of completed tunnels nationwide has exceeded 10 000 km, establishing the world′s largest utility tunnel network. The overall construction is demonstrating a trend of slowing growth, accompanied by a shift toward quality improvement. Regional development shows a balanced trend, with the eastern region taking the lead while the western region accelerates its construction efforts. Subsequently, the development of China′s utility tunnel policy system is examined and analyzed. The findings indicate that this policy framework has gradually improved, encompassing aspects such as planning, technical standards, investment and financing mechanisms, and utility tunnel access charges. These advancements have facilitated the transition of utility tunnels from pilot exploration to high-quality development. Based on the current construction conditions and the policy system governing utility tunnels, three stages in their development in China are identified: initial exploration, large-scale development, and orderly advancement. Finally, the challenges are presented and future trends for the development of urban utility tunnels in China are forecasted. Key issues include the disparity between the eastern and western regions, where growth rates are highest in the western region, yet the total number of existing utility tunnels remains lower than in the eastern region. Additionally, there is an emphasis on construction over operation, as evidenced by a high number of completed tunnels coupled with low access rates, along with a persistent funding gap. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure the sustainable development of utility tunnels. Looking ahead, it is crucial to focus on intelligent upgrades and regional coordination to enhance both economic and social benefits. The current situation and development trends of utility tunnel construction are systematically analyzed, employing "stage evolution-policy response-spatial reconstruction" as the central theme. The authors aim to provide scientific support for the legalization of urban utility tunnels while proposing targeted strategies such as various operational models that can be widely implemented. Furthermore, the authors seek to establish a coordinated pathway that promotes intelligent demonstrations in eastern China and large-scale accelerated development in other regions, providing innovative solutions to position China as a global benchmark leader in low-carbon, resilient infrastructure within the underground space.

Key words: utility tunnel, current status of construction, development analysis, future trend, policy system