In order to analyze the feasibility, rational route scheme and construction method of Qiongzhou Strait railway tunnel, the risk of preresearch design schemes of Qiongzhou Strait railway tunnel is identified and analyzed from the aspect of tunnel lifecycle construction. The risk evaluation basic data of construction condition stage, structural design stage, engineering construction stage and operation management stage of 3 schemes of shield methods for middle line and western line and immersed tube method for western line are collected by expert questionnaires; the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) is used to study the statistical results of expert questionnaires; and the fuzzy evaluation model and fuzzy evaluation matrix are established to calculate the risk evaluation results. The shield methods for middle line and western line are recommended according to the risk evaluation results and expert advices. Finally, the suggestions and countermeasures for controlling and reducing major risks of shield method are proposed in terms of geological survey, structural design optimization and engineering construction measurements based on engineering conditions of Qiongzhou Strait railway tunnel.