Conventional analyses of visual distance in highway tunnels, influenced by light environment, invariably consider static or single factors. To address these limitations, the interaction among multiple factors, including vehicle speed, pavement luminance, tunnel sidewall properties, and lighting luminaires, is emphatically examined based on field vehicle tests. The influence of these factors on dynamic visual distance of obstacles is also investigated. The experimental tests were conducted under controlled lighting conditions, with illuminance levels ranging from 30 to 300 lx and multiple luminous environment configurations. Four conditions involving varying vehicle speeds were selected for the study. The laser-radar ranging technology was adopted to obtain driver’s dynamic recognition distance of targets. Concurrently, the tunnel’s luminous environment characteristics were systematically characterized by material reflectance testing, lighting uniformity measurement, and spectral analysis. The results of the study indicate the following: (1) As vehicle speed increases, the dynamic visual distance decreases markedly, while the stopping sight distance required by current specifications increases concomitantly. The inverse variation relationship complicates the mitigation of the adverse effects of vehicle speed, as the enhancement of illuminance is only effective when the speed exceeds 80 km/h. Moreover, the dynamic visual distance falls short of the specified requirements. (2) The application of sidewall coatings and tunnel crown reflective markings significantly enhances the dynamic visual distance under low illuminance conditions of 30－60 lx. However, the efficacy of these markings diminishes under high illuminance conditions, illustrating the interaction between illuminance and reflective materials. (3) The DFLED luminaires exhibit a synergistic effect with human visual perception efficiency when compensating the spectral band of 480－580 nm. These luminaires meet the requisite stopping sight distance under conditions of 80 km/h vehicle speed and an illuminance of no less than 60 lx. By contrast, conventional LED luminaires fail to meet this standard even at higher illuminances under equivalent conditions.