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隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 1-15.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2021.01.001

• 专家论坛 • 上一篇    下一篇

深埋隧道TBM施工岩爆特征规律与防控技术

杜立杰1， 洪开荣2， 王佳兴1， 李青蔚1， 杨亚磊1， 李伟伟3， 黄俊阁2   

  1. (1. 石家庄铁道大学， 河北 石家庄 050043； 2. 中铁隧道局集团有限公司, 广东 广州 511457；3. 中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司, 陕西 西安 710024)

  • 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-02-08
  • 作者简介:杜立杰（1964—），男，河北承德人，1990年毕业于北京航空航天大学, 机械工程专业，硕士，教授，主要从事TBM设计与施工技术研究工作。 E-mail： tbmdu@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国国家铁路集团科研计划（2016G004-A, P2018G007）； 新疆EH工程科研计划（EQ075/FY056）

Rockburst Characteristics and Prevention and Control Technologies for Tunnel Boring Machine Construction of Deepburied Tunnels

DU Lijie1, HONG Kairong2, WANG Jiaxing1, LI Qingwei1, YANG Yalei1, LI Weiwei3, HUANG Junge2   

  1. (1. Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China;2. China Railway Tunnel Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511457, Guangdong, China; 3. Sinohydro Bureau 3 Co., Ltd., Xi′an 710024, Shaanxi, China)

  • Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-02-08

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摘要： 川藏铁路隧道等深埋隧道工程的岩爆给TBM施工安全和掘进速度带来很大影响，这是亟待解决的技术难题。以埋深超过2 000 m的引汉济渭工程、新疆ABH工程为案例，与锦屏Ⅱ级水电站工程进行对比。基于现场大量数据分析，给出岩爆对TBM施工安全速度影响和时空特征规律； 并结合TBM结构和工法特点，提出了“轻微、中等、强烈”3个等级岩爆的TBM施工防控目标，以及“掘速控制、风险控制、时空控制、分级控制”4个TBM施工岩爆防控准则； 分别给出了轻微、中等和强烈3个等级岩爆的防控技术方案，从而构建了“装备—掘进—支护”三者协同控制的“3-4-3-3”分级岩爆防控理论技术体系，并在实际工程中应用。主要研究结果为： 1）TBM施工速度轻微岩爆为无岩爆的70%～90%，中等岩爆为无岩爆的50%～70%，强烈岩爆为无岩爆的25%～50%。2）20%～40%的岩爆发生在开挖后10 h以内，10～24 h岩爆发生频率最高，90%以上的岩爆发生在24 h以内，9%的强烈岩爆发生在24～48 h； 3）超过30%中等以上岩爆发生在护盾至掌子面区域，90%以上的中等和强岩爆发生在掌子面后15 m以内，主动控制TBM进尺速度可使80%～90%的强岩爆控制在TBM护盾至掌子面区域。所提的技术方案已成功用于以下工程： 1）新疆ABH工程，其中1台TBM已安全高效穿越了全部中等岩爆洞段，完成14 km掘进； 2）引汉济渭工程，岭南段TBM穿越了10 km岩爆洞段，在第2掘进段中穿越了2 km连续强岩爆洞段，强岩爆洞段平均月进尺达到110 m。

关键词: 深埋隧道, 川藏铁路隧道, TBM施工, 岩爆特征, 岩爆防控

Abstract: Rockburst has a significant effect on the safety and speed of constructing deepburied tunnels such as the SichuanTibet railway tunnel project using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). This is a technical difficulty and needs to be resolved. Accordingly, tunnels with burial depths of over 2 000 m, such as the Hanjiang RiverWeihe River water conveyance project, the ABH project in Xinjiang, and the Jinping Ⅱ hydropower project, are taken as case studies. Based on the analysis of mass field data and the characteristics of the TBM structure and construction method, the following points of investigation are proposed: (1) the effects of safety and speed and the spatiotemporal characteristic laws of rockburst on TBM construction; (2) prevention and control targets of TBM construction corresponding to three grades of rockburst (slight, medium, and strong); (3) guidelines for rockburst prevention and control, including advanced speed control, risk control, spatiotemporal control, and hierarchical control; (4) technical solutions for the prevention and control of the three grades of rockburst. In this way, a hierarchical rockburst prevention and control system with coordinated "equipmentboringsupport" is established and applied (theoretically and experimentally) to engineering practices. Results reveal the following: (1) Compared with the TBM boring speed under no rockburst, the boring speed under slight rockburst is lower by 10%~30%, that under medium rockburst is lower by 30%~50%, and that under strong rockburst is lower by 50%~75%. (2) Approximately 20%~40% of rockburst phenomena occur within 10 h after excavation; the highest rockburst frequency is within 10~24 h, with over 90% of rockburst phenomena occurring within 24 h and approximately 9% of strong rockburst phenomena occurring within 24~48 h. (3) Over 30% of medium rockburst phenomena occur within the area between the shield body and tunnel face. Over 90% of medium and strong rockburst phenomena occur in the area 15 m behind the tunnel face. (4) Approximately 80%~90% of strong rockburst phenomena can be controlled to occur in the area between the TBM shield body and tunnel face by controlling the TBM advancing speed. The proposed technical solutions were successfully applied to the ABH project in the Xinjiang and Hanjiang RiverWeihe River water conveyance project, and good effects such as successful passage through the rockburst section and high TBM construction efficiency were achieved.

Key words: deep buried tunnel, Sichuan Tibet railway tunnel, TBM construction, rockburst characteristics; rockburst prevention and control

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