隧道软弱围岩挤压大变形非线性流变力学特征及其锚固机制研究

doi:10.3973/j.issn.1672-741X.2015.10.001

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隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2015, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 969-980.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.1672-741X.2015.10.001

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隧道软弱围岩挤压大变形非线性流变力学特征及其锚固机制研究

孙钧^{1, 3}，潘晓明^{1, 2}，王勇^3

（1. 同济大学岩土工程研究所，上海 200092； 2. 深圳市地铁集团有限公司，广东深圳 518026； 3. 杭州图强材料公司、丰强工程研究院，浙江杭州 310008）

收稿日期:2015-06-23 出版日期:2015-10-20 发布日期:2015-11-09
作者简介:孙钧（1926—），男，江苏苏州人，１９４９年解放前夕毕业于上海国立交通大学土木工程系结构工程专业，国内外隧道与地下工程知名学者、专家，同济大学荣誉、终身、一级教授，中国科学院（技术科学部）资深院士，前国际岩石力学学会副主席暨中国国家小组主席，中国岩石力学与工程学会名誉理事长（前理事长），中国土木工程学会顾问、名誉理事（前副理事长），中国土木工程学会、中国公路学会、上海市土木工程学会等学会隧道与地下工程分会前副理事长、理事长。港珠澳大桥技术专家组专家。

Study on Nonlinear Rheologic Mechanical Property of Squeezing Deformation of Soft Surrounding Rock in Tunneling and Its Anchorage Mechanism

SUN Jun^1,3, PAN Xiaoming^1,2, WANG Yong³

(1.Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2. Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518026, Guangdong, China; 3. Hangzhou Bodrive Engineering Materials Ltd., Hanzhou Fengqiang Civil Engineering Research Institute, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China)

Received:2015-06-23 Online:2015-10-20 Published:2015-11-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

介绍围岩大变形的工程实例、隧道围岩挤压性大变形的定义及其工程特征。系统总结国际上隧道围岩挤压性大变形的3种预测方法，即：经验法、半经验半理论法和试验判定法。将Hoek（1999）对围岩挤压大变形的预测和判定方法（半经验半理论法）应用于乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段F7断层带开挖施工中的围岩稳定性判别，并对这种预测方法进行了可靠性评价，认为有支护情况下比无支护情况下变形预测失效概率要小得多，也就是说毛洞围岩变形收敛率的大小更难以掌控。介绍作者团队对隧道围岩挤压性大变形问题按三维非线性流变的理论分析、相应专用软件的研制；并将理论研究计算成果与现场实测数据进行对比，结果按大变形三维问题的计算值比按小变形二维平面问题的计算值更接近工程实际；同时，指出了有待进一步深化研讨的若干问题。最后，提出了管控/约束隧道围岩大变形持续发展的锚固技术措施——一种新型大尺度让压锚杆/预应力长锚索，分析其机制和优势，介绍其构造类型，并提出下一步的研究思路。该方法已在几处工地不同程度地成功实施，取得了应有的经济效益和技术成果。

关键词: 隧道, 软弱围岩, 挤压大变形, 预测, 小变形二维非线性黏弹塑性本构模型, 大变形三维弹黏塑性本构模型, 大尺度让压锚杆/预应力长锚索

Abstract:

The project cases, definition and engineering property of huge deformation of surrounding rocks are presented; 3 worldwide commonlyused prediction methods for squeezing deformation of surrounding rocks, i.e., empirical prediction method, semiempirical prediction method and trial testing method, are systematically summarized. The prediction method for the squeezing deformation of surrounding rocks proposed by Hoek in 1999 (semiempirical semitheoretical prediction method) is used to evaluate the stability of the surrounding rocks of F7 fault of ridge section of Wushaoling tunnel, the reliability of the prediction method is assessed and conclusion is drawn as follows: the probability of the deformation prediction failure of supported tunnels is much smaller than that of unsupported tunnels, that is to say, the magnitude of the convergence of the surrounding rocks of unsupported tunnels is more difficult to be controlled. The theoretical analysis on the squeezing deformation of the surrounding rocks of tunnels by means of 3D nonlinear rheology made by the authors, as well as the development of the corresponding software, are presented; and the calculated result is compared with the measured results, which shows that the result calculated according to the 3D mode of the huge deformation is more close to the field conditions than that calculated according to the 2D mode of the small deformation. Finally, a new type of largescale yielding rock bolt/prestressed anchor cable is proposed to control the development of the huge deformation of the surrounding rock of tunnels; the mechanisms and advantages of the new type of largescale yielding rock bolt/prestressed anchor cable are analyzed, the structures and types thereof are presented, and the concept of future researches are provided; the new type of largescale yielding rock bolt/prestressed anchor cable has been successfully applied in several projects and good economic and technical results have been achieved.

Key words: tunnel, soft surrounding rock, squeezing, huge deformation, prediction, small deformation 2D nonlinear cohesiveelasticplastic constitutive model, hugedeformation 3D elasticcohesiveplastic constitutive model, largescale yielding rock bolt/prestressed anchor cable

中图分类号:

U 455

孙钧，潘晓明，王勇. 隧道软弱围岩挤压大变形非线性流变力学特征及其锚固机制研究[J]. 隧道建设, 2015, 35(10): 969-980.

SUN Jun, PAN Xiaoming, WANG Yong. Study on Nonlinear Rheologic Mechanical Property of Squeezing Deformation of Soft Surrounding Rock in Tunneling and Its Anchorage Mechanism[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2015, 35(10): 969-980.

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隧道软弱围岩挤压大变形非线性流变力学特征及其锚固机制研究

Study on Nonlinear Rheologic Mechanical Property of Squeezing Deformation of Soft Surrounding Rock in Tunneling and Its Anchorage Mechanism

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