Abstract: To investigate the lowcarbon effect of the integrated development of underground public spaces and rail transit in urban centers under urban space intensification and efficient land use, the characteristics of the integrated development of underground public spaces and rail transit in urban centers are summarized in terms of components and development lifecycles. Then, the role and significance of integrated planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance in realizing the Carbon Peaking and Neutralization Policy are analyzed. Then, an integrated measurement index system with 22 indices, including five criterionlevel indicators, such as urban rail transit development, urban development, the lowcarbon effect of integration, and urban central area development, is constructed based on the Carbon Peaking and Neutralization Policy. The analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are comprehensively employed to construct an evaluation method for the integrated development of underground public spaces and rail transit in central urban areas. Finally, case studies are conducted on four typical stages in 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019 of Nanjing Xinjiekou central district, and the evaluation results are 2.349, 3.105, 3.588, and 4.222, respectively, corresponding to bad, not bad, good, and good integration development levels. According to the progressive integration development process of Nanjing Xinjiekou central area, the integrated development of the underground public spaces and rail transit in Nanjing Xinjiekou central area is critical in realizing the regional Carbon Peaking and Neutralization Policy.

Key words:  , Carbon Peaking and Neutralization Policy, analytic hierarchy process, urban central area, integration of underground public spaces and rail transit