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隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 1403-1411.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.1672-741X.2016.12.001

• 专家论坛 •    下一篇

漫谈矿山法隧道技术第十三讲——隧道施工精细化管理

关宝树   

  1. （西南交通大学， 四川 成都 610031）
  • 收稿日期:2015-08-10 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2016-12-30
  • 作者简介:关宝树（1932—），男，辽宁人，西南交通大学教授，博士生导师，从事隧道及地下工程教学和科研50余年，隧道与地下工程资深专家。Email: guanbaoshu@126.com。

Tunneling by Mining Method: Lecture XIII:  Refined Management of Tunnel Construction

GUAN Baoshu   

  1. （Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China）
  • Received:2015-08-10 Online:2016-12-20 Published:2016-12-30

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摘要：

为确保隧道安全,高质量、快速地施工，必须提高现行的施工管理水平，进行精细化的管理。精细化管理包括隧道设计、施工、运营全过程的管理，但重点是施工管理。隧道施工管理的内容基本上可归纳为安全（风险）管理、技术（作业、质量）管理及环境管理3类。本讲着重分析目前我国精细化隧道施工管理中安全（风险）、技术（作业、质量）管理存在的问题，并提出解决途径。1）指出安全管理实质是风险管理，我国在风险管理方面，制定和颁布了有关风险管理的指南、规定等，但在执行和落实中还存在一些问题。风险管理的目的是要把不可接受的风险变成可接受的风险，认为能否实现这一点，决定于精细化管理和技术水平。指出风险预测是风险管理的前提，强调风险管理的主要手段是进行掌子面前方地质预测、掌子面观察和洞内外变形量测，收集可靠情报，有效管理。2）指出技术管理的重点是对开挖、支护、衬砌的技术管理。目前我国的隧道施工技术管理普遍不到位，管理粗放。其中开挖管理重点应放在对掌子面前方、掌子面、掌子面后方拱脚部位等围岩的管理；支护管理的最终目的是把可能发生的位移值控制在容许范围内；衬砌施工管理的重点是衬砌及仰拱的连接，衬砌的施作时机，潜在的初期缺陷的控制。3)以混凝土衬砌初期缺陷控制为例，列出日本管理的细目表以及衬砌施工核查卡，说明只要管理到位，技术才能到位，质量也才会得到保证。4）最后强调“精细化管理”的目的就是要求“技术精细到位”。不管技术多么好，做不到位，一切免谈。对隧道这样的隐蔽工程，这一点尤为重要。在这方面管理层要下大力气，不可等闲视之。

关键词: 隧道, 矿山法, 施工管理, 精细化管理, 安全管理, 技术管理, 环境管理

Abstract:

The tunnel construction management level should be improved and refined management should be carried out so as to guarantee safe, qualified and rapid construction of tunnel. The refined management of tunnel includes design, construction and operation; and the construction management is the key. The tunnel construction management includes safety (risk) management, technology (construction and quality) management and environment management. In this paper, the problems of tunnel safety management, technology management and environment and their countermeasures are analyzed. 1) It is pointed out that the essence of safety management is risk management. There are many relative guidances and standards for risk management in China; but still some problems exist in application. The aim of risk management is to turn unacceptable risk into acceptable risk; and in order to realize it, the refined management level should be improved. The risk prediction is the key to risk management. The geological prediction, tunnel face investigation and deformation monitoring are the most important items to risk management. 2) The managements of excavation technology, supporting technology and lining technology are the key to technology management. The technology management in China still needs to be improved. The managements of arch feet ahead tunnel face, that of tunnel face and that behind tunnel face are the keys to excavation management. The aim of supporting management is to control potential settlement. The connection of lining and invert arch, construction time of lining and control of primary disadvantages are the keys to lining management. 3) A case study of primary disadvantages of concrete lining is made. The items of management and check card of lining construction in Japan are introduced so as to reaffirm the importance of management. 4) The refined technology is the key to refined management. The author reaffirms the importance of refined technology.

Key words: tunnel, mining method, construction management, refined management, safety management, technology management, environment management

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