关键词: 隧道工程, TBM, 敞开式, 护盾式, 小直径, 大直径, 超长隧洞集群, 大坡度, 极硬岩, 断层破碎带, 软岩, 岩爆, 涌水突泥, 高地热

Abstract:

The design and construction technology of TBM in China over past 30 years can be summarized as the following 5 phases: 1) The exploration and trial phase; 2) Taking the foreign construction contractors as the main body and using TBMs designed and manufactured by foreign manufacturer phase; 3) Independent TBM bidding purchasing and selection design and establishing Chinaown TBM construction teams phase; 4) TBM codesigning and manufacturing with foreign manufacturers and engineering application and independent construction booming phase; 5) TBM home manufacturing and constructing tunnel works in China and abroad independently phase. The experiences, technologies and achievements of TBM tunnel works of some typical tunnel works in different times under conditions of complex geology, large slope, high altitude, different diameters, different types, and superlong distance are introduced; a series of new TBM construction technologies in bad geology, i. e. fault fracture zone, soft and weak rocks deformation, rockburst and water gushing, are presented; and the technological levels, i. e. the maximum tunneling footage of 1 868 m per month, average tunneling footage exceeded 600 m per month and the tunnel operation utilization higher than 40%, have been achieved. Furthermore, the risks and challenges of TBM construction in deadhard rock, large fault fracture zone, large deformation soft rock, strong rockburst rock, water gushing and mud outburst tunnel section, high geothermal tunnel section and extralong tunnel are analyzed, and several corresponding countermeasures which should be verified, optimized and improved are put forward.

Key words: tunnel work, TBM, opentype, shield type, small diameter, larger diameter, extralong tunnel groups, large slope, deadhard rock, fault fracture zone, soft rock, rockburst, water gushing and mud outburst, high geothermy