Abstract: Chinese urban underground spaces are rich in resources and offer significant development potential. The exploitation and utilization of these spaces can enhance resource utilization efficiency, ease traffic congestion, and increase urban green spaces, thereby addressing the challenges associated with low-carbon urban development. First, the state of low-carbon development in urban underground spaces is reviewed. Furthermore, the research and implementation of low-carbon technologies in the development and utilization of underground spaces are examined, focusing on the design, construction, operational strategies, use of renewable energy resources, and underground stored energy. Second, challenges encountered in the low-carbon development of urban underground spaces, such as inadequate planning and construction coordination, relatively extensive construction practices, and outdated concepts in operation and maintenance management, are identified. Third, various strategies and suggestions for low-carbon development are proposed, including promoting integrated low-carbon development and utilization; enhancing policies, regulations, and management systems of low-carbon development; and strengthening research and application of low-carbon technologies in urban underground spaces. Finally, the concept of a "zero-carbon underground city" is introduced, including underground infrastructures of complexes, utility tunnels, metro systems, and energy systems for photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, thermal energy, and carbon reduction or even negative carbon. These initiatives will enhance the economic, environmental, and social advantages of underground space exploitation and utilization, thus realizing Carbon Peaking and Neutralization Policy.

Key words: urban underground space, low-carbon development, low-carbon technology, Carbon Peaking and Neutralization Policy