Status and Development of Rapid Detection Technology for Tunnel Structural Defects（隧道结构病害快速检测技术的现状与发展）

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.04.001

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 657-676.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.04.001

Status and Development of Rapid Detection Technology for Tunnel Structural Defects（隧道结构病害快速检测技术的现状与发展）

刘学增^{1, 2, 3}，房茂柳¹，吴德兴⁴，李银萍^{2, 3,
*}，刘新根^{2, 3}, 李罡⁵

(1. 同济大学地下建筑与工程系，上海 200092； 2. 上海地下基础设施安全检测与养护装备工程技术研究中心，上海 200092； 3. 上海同岩土木工程科技股份有限公司，上海 200092； 4. 浙江数智交院科技股份有限公司，浙江杭州 310030； 5. 济南轨道交通集团有限公司，山东济南 250000)

出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-20
作者简介:刘学增（1971—），男，山东东明人，2001年毕业于同济大学，结构工程专业，博士，教授级高级工程师，现从事隧道检测及隧道健康评价工作。E-mail: xuezengL@263.net。*通信作者：李银萍， E-mail: lyp07170111@163.com。

Status and Development of Rapid Detection Technology for Tunnel Structural Defects

LIU Xuezeng^{1, 2, 3}, FANG Maoliu¹, WU Dexing⁴, LI Yinping^{2, 3, *,} LIU Xingen^{2, 3}, LI Gang⁵

(1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Detecting Equipment for Underground Infrastructure, Shanghai 200092, China; 3. Shanghai Tongyan Civil Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China; 4. Zhejiang Institute of Communications Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China; 5. Jinan Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, Shandong, China)

Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结合已有检测数据，分析总结隧道结构主要病害类型与分布特征，并将隧道结构病害分为表观病害、结构内部病害和结构背后病害3大类。针对不同类型病害的快速检测需求，系统梳理国内外快速检测技术和检测装备的现状，得出如下结论： 1）表观病害检测技术与装备近些年发展迅速，特别是机器视觉、激光扫描技术的结合显著提升了检测效率与精度，裂缝检测精度可达0.1 mm； 2）隧道内部和背后病害的非接触快速检测受硬件技术限制，仍以传统的检测方法为主，但近些年相控阵雷达、超声以及声振检测技术已成为研究热点，为衬砌内部和背后病害的快速检测提供了新方向； 3）多传感器融合技术在国内外快速检测装备中的应用进一步提升了检测能力，相机、三维激光扫描仪、红外热成像仪及雷达在快速检测中展现出显著优势。针对隧道检测的多学科交叉特性，未来研究应重点突破隧道结构内部和背后病害的快速检测技术，推动表里一体的多功能快速综合检测车的研发与应用，进一步发展病害全自动智能化精准识别与边检边报以大幅提升隧道检测的效率与精度。

关键词: 隧道, 结构病害, 检测技术, 检测装备, 快速检测

Abstract: Based on inspection data, the authors analyze and summarize the main types and distribution characteristics of tunnel structural defects. These defects are classified into three types: surface defects, internal defects, and defects behind the structure. To address the need for rapid detection of different defect types, the current state of rapid detection technologies and equipment, both domestically and internationally, is systematically reviewed. The research reveals that surface defect detection technologies and equipment have developed rapidly in recent years. Notably, the integration of machine vision and laser scanning technologies have significantly improved detection efficiency and accuracy, achieving crack detection precision of up to 0.1 mm. However, the noncontact rapid detection of internal and behind-the-structure defects remains constrained by hardware limitations, with traditional detection remaining dominant. Nevertheless, phased array radar, ultrasonic, and acoustic vibration detection technologies have become research hotspots in recent years, offering promising directions for detecting these challenging defect types. Additionally, the application of multisensor fusion technology in rapid detection equipment has further enhanced detection capabilities. Devices such as cameras, 3D laser scanners, infrared thermal imagers, and radar demonstrate significant advantages in rapid detection. Future research in tunnel inspection should prioritize breakthroughs in rapid detection technologies for internal and behind-the-structure defects. Efforts should also focus on developing multifunctional integrated detection vehicles that can simultaneously inspect both surface and internal structures. Furthermore, progress in fully automated, intelligent systems with precise defect identification and real-time reporting will be essential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel inspection.

Key words: tunnel, structural defect, inspection techniques; inspection equipment, rapid inspection

刘学增, 房茂柳, 吴德兴, 李银萍, 刘新根, 李罡. Status and Development of Rapid Detection Technology for Tunnel Structural Defects（隧道结构病害快速检测技术的现状与发展）[J]. 隧道建设, 2025, 45(4): 657-676.

LIU Xuezeng, FANG Maoliu, WU Dexing, LI Yinping, LIU Xingen, LI Gang.

Status and Development of Rapid Detection Technology for Tunnel Structural Defects [J]. Tunnel Construction, 2025, 45(4): 657-676.

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Status and Development of Rapid Detection Technology for Tunnel Structural Defects（隧道结构病害快速检测技术的现状与发展）

Status and Development of Rapid Detection Technology for Tunnel Structural Defects

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